By Frank Barnaby
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Extra info for How to Build a Nuclear Bomb: And Other Weapons of Mass Destruction
Sample text
The second burst of thermal radiation is responsible for the heat effects of the weapon. Exposed people will be killed or severely burned and fires will be started over a large area. The area affected will depend on the explosive yield of the weapon and the weather. If the weather is fine, the heat wave can kill and injure people at much greater distances than can blast and radiation. About half of the people caught by the heat wave at a distance of 2 kilometers from the explosion of a nuclear weapon with a yield of 12 kT (similar to the atomic bomb that destroyed Hiroshima) at low altitude in fine weather will suffer third-degree burns.
The rate of infection in animals can reach 100 percent, and mortality can range from 5 percent in adult animals to 75 percent in young pigs and sheep. Recovered cattle may be carriers for eighteen to twenty-four months; sheep for one to two months. Pigs are not carriers. Clinical signs in cattle are salivation; depression; anorexia; lameness caused by the presence of painful blisters, chiefly in the mouth or on the feet, but also in the skin of the lips, tongue, gums, nostrils, and teats; fever; decreased milk production; abortion and sterility.
The stratagem worked only too well. Within a few months, smallpox was prevalent among the various Indian tribes in the Ohio region and these peoples were decimated. But the ruse backfired: the Americans also used smallpox against the British during the Revolutionary War. Despite these historical precedents, biological weapons have not been used to any significant extent in modern times. The British actively considered using anthrax against Germany in the Second World War, but both then and since, fear of retaliation has prevented countries from engaging in biological warfare.