By Oleg M. Anshakov, Tamás Gergely, Tamas Gergely, Victor K. Finn
Dealing with uncertainty, relocating from lack of understanding to wisdom, is the focal point of cognitive procedures. knowing those procedures and modelling, designing, and construction man made cognitive structures have lengthy been difficult study problems.
This booklet describes the speculation and method of a brand new, scientifically well-founded common technique, and its attention within the kind of clever platforms appropriate in disciplines starting from social sciences, reminiscent of cognitive technology and sociology, via ordinary sciences, similar to existence sciences and chemistry, to technologies, reminiscent of medication, schooling, and engineering.
The major topic built within the ebook is cognitive reasoning investigated at 3 degrees of abstraction: conceptual, formal, and realizational. The authors supply a version of a cognizing agent for the conceptual thought of cognitive reasoning, and so they current a logically well-founded formal cognitive reasoning framework to deal with a number of the believable reasoning tools. They finish with an item version of a cognitive engine.
The booklet is acceptable for researchers, scientists, and graduate scholars operating within the components of man-made intelligence, mathematical common sense, and philosophy.
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Example text
The abbreviation JSM originates from the initials of John Stuart Mill. The JSM method uses some formalised modification of Mill’s method of agreement that solves an important task of extracting knowledge from data. Peirce’s abduction and Popper’s falsification are the two other philosophical sources for the ideology of the JSM method. V. K. Finn, the initiator of this method, defines it as a synthesis of three cognitive procedures: induction, analogy and abduction, beyond which deduction can play some auxiliary role.
Our model distinquishes two modes (or phases) of operation of the cognizing agent: • The mode of interiorisation of the perception • The mode of cognitive reasoning. The main task of the interiorisation phase of perception is updating (retuning) of the reasoning unit. This updating can affect all the components of this unit. The basic action of the interiorisation phase of perception is conversion of data and knowledge into an internal representation (format) of the cognizing agent. During a perception phase data and knowledge taken from the long-term memory can be added to the data and knowledge which the cognizing agent receives from the environment.
G. as a result of a logical inference which uses heuristics (as happens in expert systems). In this case, of course, it will be only a hypothesis. When knowledge is defined it is usually opposed to facts. We emphasise the following features of knowledge: (i) It is impossible to obtain knowledge directly from the results of experiments because formation of knowledge occurs on the basis of experimental data analysis. g. we can use inductive generalisation. The process of knowledge formation may require auxiliary experiments for checking the hypotheses obtained by way of using reasoning.